Learn how Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi) is treated and what prescription (drugs and medications) would doctors recommend in South Africa. You will also learn what are the main causes of Renal Calculi, symptoms, and how to prevent it.
Understanding what Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi) is
A kidney stone or calculus which has formed in the renal tract, i.e. pelvis, ureters or bladder, as a result of urine that is supersaturated with respect to a stone-forming salt.
Collect the stones and send to the laboratory for analysis.
Watch Video: Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi) Nursing Lecture Symptoms, Treatment, Causes NCLEX
How is Renal Calculi diagnosed?
Collect the stones and send to the laboratory for analysis.
Renal Calculi Treatment: Drugs and Medication Prescription Guide
This is a medication and drugs guide on treating Renal Calculi patients, as per the Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicine List for South Africa.
- Acute stage: Oral fluids are administered liberally. Intravenous fluids to ensure adequate hydration and urine flow. Surgical procedures, if required.
- Maintenance therapy, for the prevention of recurrence: Fluid intake of at least 2.5–3.5 L daily, especially in warm climates.
MEDICINE TREATMENT
Analgesia for pain, if needed:
• Morphine, IM/slow IV, 10–15 mg.
For hypocitraturia:
• Potassium citrate mixture BP, oral, 10–15 mL 8 hourly for 10 days.
-Dilute in a glass of water. Repeat as necessary.
For uric acid stones:
• Potassium citrate mixture BP, oral, 10–15 mL 8 hourly for 10 days.
-Diluteinaglassofwater.
-Repeat as necessary.
• Allopurinol, oral, daily.
– Startingdose: 100mg, Titrateupto300mg.
The treatment is long-term to prevent a recurrence.
For mild metabolic hyperoxaluria:
• Pyridoxine, oral, 25–75 mg daily.
PLUS
• Calcium carbonate, oral, equivalent to 5001 000 mg/day of elemental calcium.
-Take 8 hourly with meals for 4weeks.
For renal hypercalciuria (absorptive type):
• Hydrochlorothiazide, oral, 50 mg daily for 1 month.
-Mayberepeated.